A knee injury encompasses a wide range of conditions affecting the bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage that make up the knee joint. The knee is a complex and weight-bearing joint, making it susceptible to various types of injuries, both acute and chronic. Acute knee injuries often result from sudden trauma, such as falls, direct blows, or twisting movements during sports activities. Common acute injuries include ligament sprains (ACL, MCL, PCL, LCL), meniscus tears, fractures of the patella (kneecap) or other bones around the knee, and dislocations. These injuries are often accompanied by immediate pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty bearing weight or moving the knee. Chronic knee injuries develop gradually over time due to repetitive stress, overuse, or underlying conditions like osteoarthritis. Examples of chronic knee injuries include patellofemoral pain syndrome (runner's knee), tendinitis (patellar or quadriceps), bursitis, and degenerative tears of the meniscus or cartilage. Symptoms of chronic knee injuries may include persistent pain that worsens with activity, stiffness, a grinding or clicking sensation in the knee, and intermittent swelling. The severity and specific symptoms of a knee injury can vary greatly depending on the structure involved and the mechanism of injury. Accurate diagnosis, often involving a physical examination, imaging studies (such as X-rays or MRI), and sometimes arthroscopy, is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan, which may include rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), physiotherapy, medication, injections, or surgery.
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