Radiculopathy refers to the compression or irritation of nerve roots in the spine, often causing pain, numbness, and weakness along the path of the affected nerve. This condition typically results from conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or degenerative changes in the spine.
The primary causes of radiculopathy include herniated discs, where the inner gel-like material leaks out and presses on nerve roots, and spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the spinal canal. Other factors contributing to radiculopathy include spondylolisthesis, injury, or tumors compressing nerve roots.
Symptoms of radiculopathy vary based on the location of the affected nerve root. Common manifestations include radiating pain, tingling, or numbness along the nerve pathway. Muscle weakness and changes in reflexes may also occur, impacting mobility and daily activities.
Diagnosing radiculopathy involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies like MRI or CT scans to visualize the spine and identify the source of nerve compression. Electromyography (EMG) may be utilized to assess nerve function and identify the affected nerve root.
Management of radiculopathy aims to alleviate symptoms, address the underlying cause, and promote functional recovery. Conservative measures include rest, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and pain management. In some cases, epidural steroid injections may be recommended to reduce inflammation and pain.
Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in the recovery from radiculopathy. Physical therapy focuses on strengthening the affected area, improving flexibility, and promoting proper body mechanics to prevent recurrence.
