Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue. It primarily affects the neuromuscular junction, where nerves communicate with muscles, leading to impaired signal transmission.
In MG, the immune system produces antibodies that target receptors on muscle cells, particularly the acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. This interference disrupts the normal communication between nerves and muscles, resulting in muscle weakness.
Common symptoms of MG include muscle weakness, especially in the face and neck muscles, leading to difficulties in chewing, swallowing, and facial expressions. Fatigue is a hallmark, with symptoms often worsening with prolonged activity but improving with rest.
Diagnosing MG involves a comprehensive neurological evaluation, including a thorough medical history, physical examination, and specific tests like the edrophonium (Tensilon) test or acetylcholine receptor antibody tests. Electromyography (EMG) may be employed to assess muscle function.
Management of MG aims to improve neuromuscular transmission and control symptoms. Medications such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive drugs are commonly prescribed. Thymectomy, the removal of the thymus gland, is a potential surgical intervention.
Living with MG requires ongoing management and adjustments to lifestyle. Supportive care, including physical therapy, assistive devices, and psychosocial support, contributes to maintaining a good quality of life for individuals with MG.
