Guillain-Barre Syndrome is a rare and potentially severe autoimmune disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. It occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the nerves, leading to muscle weakness, numbness, and, in severe cases, paralysis.
The exact cause of GBS remains unknown, but it often follows infections, commonly respiratory or gastrointestinal, caused by viruses or bacteria. The immune response triggered by the infection is thought to contribute to the development of GBS.
GBS typically begins with tingling or weakness in the legs, spreading to the arms and upper body. Muscle weakness can progress rapidly, leading to difficulty walking, breathing, and, in severe cases, paralysis. The progression of symptoms is usually fast, with peak severity reached within a few weeks.
Diagnosing GBS involves a combination of clinical evaluation, nerve conduction studies, and lumbar puncture to analyze cerebrospinal fluid. Timely medical evaluation is critical for accurate diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment.
There is no cure for GBS, but treatments focus on alleviating symptoms and supporting the body’s recovery. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasma exchange are common therapeutic approaches that modulate the immune response and reduce the severity and duration of symptoms.
Rehabilitation is crucial for individuals recovering from GBS. Physical therapy helps restore muscle strength and function, while occupational therapy addresses daily living skills. Most individuals experience gradual improvement over weeks to months, although some may face residual weakness.
