The Achilles tendon, the largest tendon in the body, connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. This robust tendon is crucial for activities like walking, running, and jumping.
Achilles tendinopathy refers to a condition characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or microtears in the Achilles tendon. Common causes include overuse, repetitive stress, sudden increases in activity, or inadequate warm-up. Individuals engaged in sports or activities requiring repetitive ankle movement are at higher risk.
Symptoms of Achilles tendinopathy include pain, stiffness, and swelling at the back of the ankle. Pain may worsen with activity, particularly during push-off movements. Morning stiffness and thickening of the tendon may also be observed.
Diagnosing Achilles tendinopathy involves a comprehensive examination of symptoms, medical history, and physical tests. Imaging studies, such as ultrasound or MRI, may be employed to assess the extent of tendon damage and rule out other conditions.
The initial treatment for Achilles tendinopathy is often conservative and includes rest, ice, compression, and elevation (R.I.C.E.). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used for pain and inflammation. Physical therapy focuses on stretching and strengthening exercises to improve tendon function.
Rehabilitation for Achilles tendinopathy involves a gradual return to activity, guided by pain levels. Physical therapy continues to be crucial for strengthening the tendon, improving flexibility, and preventing recurrence. Preventive measures include proper footwear, gradual increases in activity, and addressing underlying biomechanical issues.
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